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CLINICAL PHARMACIST REVIEW PROCESS

Author: B.INDIRA—III/IV  BPHARMACY

CLINICAL PHARMACISTS:- Will be the future’s main backbone of the Indian healthcare system.

ABSTRACT:-

The doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) education program’s introduction has sparked substantial debates regarding clinical pharmacy in India, a country where pharmacy practice is still in its infancy. Patients, doctors, nurses, other healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical industry recruiters, prospective students, and their parents all have a lot of questions about this field of study because it is still in its infancy in the nation. This article’s goals are to raise awareness of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) and to describe the function of clinical pharmacists (CPs). After reading this paper, one will understand the value of CPs in the Indian healthcare system in light of its current problems. The article explains the function of CPs in hospitals, research.

INTRODUCTION:-

In the twenty-first century, clinical pharmacy has become one of the newest subspecialties of pharmacy.[1] It is here that pharmacists handle many facets of patient care, medicine delivery, and counselling patients on the responsible and safe use of medications. Another way to put it is that it is a branch of pharmacy where the clinical pharmacist gives patients care that maximises the use of their medications and encourages wellness, good health, and disease prevention. To further explain the situation, clinical pharmacy is defined as the use of drug control and the efficient use of knowledge. The highest level of safety in the distribution and use of medicine is guaranteed professional level.

Clinical pharmacy describes the new role of the 21^st Century’s pharmacists. It doesn’t restrict the role of a pharmacist merely to good manufacture practices, easy procurement, proper preparation, distribution and control of drug products. In addition, it also comprises functions necessary to discharge a particular set of social responsibilities related to proper therapeutic use of drugs in the aspects like prescribing, dispensing and administrating drugs, documenting professional services, direct patient involvement, Reviewing drug use, Education, Consultation and Counseling. The aim of clinical pharmacy practice is to ensure the patient’s maximum well-being and to play a meaningful role in the safe and rational use of the drugs. These goals are to enable the physician do a better job of prescribing and monitor the drug therapy for patient. Further, to help the medical and para-medical staff to enable effective drug therapy. Clinical pharmacy practice also deals with proper maintenance of the documentation regarding the medication incidents effectively to maximize the patient’s compliance in drug use process.

BUILDING UP A CLINICAL PHARMACIST:-

Internationally, particularly in the countries like the US, Canada, Australia etc clinical pharmacists have extensive education in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, socio-behavioral and clinical sciences.^[4] Most clinical pharmacists have a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree and many have completed one or more years of post-graduate training (e.g. a general and/or specialty pharmacy residency). Many clinical pharmacists also choose to become Board Certified through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) which was organized in 1976 as an independent certification agency of APhA (American Pharmacists Association). A pharmacist may become a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist (BCPS), a Board Certified Oncology Pharmacist (BCOP), Board Certified Nuclear Pharmacist (BCNP), Board Certified Nutrition Support Pharmacist (BCNSP), or a Board Certified Infectious Disease. ^[5]

It doesn’t restrict the role of a pharmacist merely to good manufacture practices, easy procurement, proper preparation, distribution and control of drug products. In addition, it also comprises functions necessary to discharge a particular set of social responsibilities related to proper therapeutic use of drugs in the aspects like prescribing, dispensing and administrating drugs, documenting professional services, direct patient involvement, Reviewing drug use, Education, Consultation and Counseling. The aim of clinical pharmacy practice is to ensure the patient’s maximum well-being and to play a meaningful role in the safe and rational use of the drugs. These goals are to enable the physician do a better job of prescribing and monitor the drug therapy for patient. Further, to help the medical and para-medical staff to enable effective drug therapy. Clinical pharmacy practice also deals with proper maintenance of the documentation regarding the medication incidents effectively to maximize the patient’s compliance in drug use process

REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACY PRACTICE IN INDIA:-

Its Scope, Importance, and Future Needs-

In this division of the pharmacy, patients receive care while receiving the most benefit from the use of drugs for illness prevention, treatment, and cure. The area of pharmacy that deals with the theory and practise of wise drug use. The goal of pharmacy practise is to enhance public health by ensuring that pharmaceuticals are used in a safe, efficient, and appropriate manner. Modern pharmacy practise reflects an evolving paradigm from one in which the pharmacist primarily oversees medication distribution and counsels patients to one in which the pharmacist has more expanded and team-based clinical role activities to provide patient care, medication therapy management, adverse drug reaction management, ward round participation, drug interactions identification, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug information and poison information services, drug information and drug testing, and drug information and education services.

DESCRIPTION:-

The most significant activities and responsibilities of a Clinical Pharmacist are listed in this sample job description. It can be altered and is prepared for posting on employment sites. Use it to hire the best workers, draw in excellent candidates, and save time.

Example of a job description for a clinical pharmacist

Job description for a clinical pharmacist:-

Every clinical pharmacist’s primary objective is to ensure that the drug supplied to a patient is the best treatment option for that patient’s particular medical condition.

It is crucial to design a concise and clear Clinical Pharmacist job description in order to draw in candidates that best suit your needs.

Job description for a clinical pharmacist;

*A driven Clinical Pharmacist is needed to join our team. You will be in charge of ensuring that the proper and necessary prescriptions are written for medications as a clinical pharmacist.

*Additionally, you will be in charge of carrying out various tasks through collaborative drug treatment management (CDTM) and delivering first-rate patient care.

*We anticipate you to be a team player and a people person, which is essential because you will play a key role in delivering exceptional patient care

DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF A CLINICAL PHARMACIST:-

*Create clinical pharmacy programmes in accordance with the laws and rules.

*Examine patient data to evaluate whether pharmaceutical therapy is necessary.

*Examine the patient’s condition to ensure that all problems are being resolved Identify any unresolved health issues and refer patients to the right doctors. Create efficient medication.

*Create pharmaceutical regimens that are efficient and reduce the likelihood of unpleasant side effects.

*Ask for advice on doses, drug ingredients, etc. provide guidance on proper drug administration

*Analyze the impact of medicinal interventions

*Work together with healthcare professionals to guarantee the best possible patient care.

*Maintain thorough records of your patient’s treatment plans and progress.

CLINICAL PHARMACY QUALIFICATIONS:-

*Experience as a clinical pharmacist for the last (x) years with a master’s degree in pharmacy, pharmacology, or Master’s degree in pharmacy, pharmacology, or a related discipline; active license; residency training; excellent pharmacological therapy expertise

*practical knowledge in providing direct patient care familiarity with health and safety measures, as well as drug administration

*real team player

*Outstanding interpersonal and communication abilities

*Computer and drug prescription software knowledge Problem-solving orientation patient-centered character

*outstanding interpersonal and communication abilities.

CLINICAL PHARMACIST LIFE CYCLE:-

Based on the length of work experience and competencies, clinical pharmacists were divided into three stages in this review: learning, applied, and creative clinical pharmacist. Although these three stages can be applicable to all other types of pharmacists in general, a larger emphasis was placed explicitly on the clinical pharmacist so that one could comprehend the duties of a clinical pharmacist at each step more simply.

Learning pharmacist at stage 1:-

Learning is described as “gaining information and abilities or changing one’s performance through study or practise, so that the learner can easily do his or her goal, something he or she had not previously achieved” [15,16]. While a learning pharmacist is one who gains information, skills, and understanding of the pharmacy.

Applied pharmacist at stage 2:-

In general, clinical pharmacists in this category have 5–10 years of practical experience. The senior pharmacist is another name for this type of pharmacist. They have acquired their expertise and thorough knowledge of their field via lifelong learning and practical training. They are experts at what they do, making their presence essential for any form of organisation. They are responsible for a variety of tasks, including supervising the newly graduating pharmacists and giving the medical and nursing personnel advice on prescriptions. They are experts in assessing and rewriting medication histories, prescription administration and distribution errors, drug interactions, urging individualized.

Creative pharmacist at stage 3:-

Innovation is the process of changing, improving, and most importantly, putting those ideas into practise. Creativity is the process of coming up with new ideas. Creativity is a prerequisite for effective innovation [29]. Creativity and invention need both the use of preexisting information and the creation of pertinent new knowledge [30]. Clinical pharmacists are making efforts in the areas of creativity and innovation, just like other healthcare professionals.

FUTURE SCOPE:-

Clinical pharmacy appears to have a promising future in India. Since numerous businesses, especially MNCs, invest in pharmacovigilance, drug information, and clinical trials and research. However, one must also comprehend the existing status of pharmacy education and practice in India in order to comprehend the necessity for implementation and career advancement in the field of clinical pharmacy. These main points still exist largely in accordance with the conventional Indian approach. Therefore, it is evident that in order to achieve excellence in our clinical pharmacy education, we must change the scope and length of our degree programmes, as well as provide adequate training for the upcoming generations of clinical pharmacists rather than relying solely on the application of existing pharmacy knowledge.

CONCLUSION:-

The focus of clinical pharmacy will be to improve the quality of healthcare provided to people. It will encourage the prudent application of allopathic and conventional medicine. In order to precisely diagnose the diseased status and obtain specificity to vulnerable diseases, which will greatly minimize the budgetary burden. Clinical pharmacists will pay close attention to ensuring that pharmacotherapy results in human health and wellbeing with the fewest possible side effects.

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